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<title>Our World in Data - Biodiversity</title>
<subtitle>Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems</subtitle>
<id>https://ourworldindata.org/</id>
<link type="text/html" rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org"/>
<link type="application/atom+xml" rel="self" href="https://ourworldindata.org/atom.xml?topics=Biodiversity"/>
<updated>2025-12-01T07:50:00.000Z</updated>
<entry>
    <title>Almost all of the world’s mammal biomass is humans and livestock</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/wild-mammals-birds-biomass</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/wild-mammals-birds-biomass"/>
    <published>2025-12-01T07:50:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author><author><name>Fiona Spooner</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Humans and livestock make up 95% of the world’s mammal biomass; wild mammals are just 5%.<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/wild-mammals-birds-biomass"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b86e8e53-9470-425a-0c59-7529f31e6200/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Just ten species make up almost half the weight of all wild mammals on Earth</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/wild-mammal-biomass-dominance</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/wild-mammal-biomass-dominance"/>
    <published>2025-11-24T04:00:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author><author><name>Fiona Spooner</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[A small number of species dominate the distribution of wild mammal biomass.<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/wild-mammal-biomass-dominance"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/44fe312c-c616-4780-34d9-f1828e1f7e00/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Only two Northern White rhinos remain, and both are female</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights/only-two-northern-white-rhinos-remain-and-both-are-female</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights/only-two-northern-white-rhinos-remain-and-both-are-female"/>
    <published>2025-09-29T04:00:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights/only-two-northern-white-rhinos-remain-and-both-are-female"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/53b57867-df78-4da5-914f-275d24091d00/w=608"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>The 2024 Living Planet Index reports a 73% average decline in wildlife populations — what’s changed since the last report?</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/2024-living-planet-index</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/2024-living-planet-index"/>
    <published>2024-10-10T07:00:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author><author><name>Fiona Spooner</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[A guide to understanding the Living Planet Index and what it does and doesn’t mean.<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/2024-living-planet-index"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b9720397-2963-4dcc-d6d8-86a908ce2700/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>The state of the world&apos;s elephant populations</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/elephant-populations</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/elephant-populations"/>
    <published>2024-09-10T11:55:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[How have elephant populations changed over time? What species are at risk of extinction today?<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/elephant-populations"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/3c69a01c-cfac-4d14-0827-c1ce421a1900/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs/life-below-water</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs/life-below-water"/>
    <published>2023-07-18T14:14:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Our World in Data team</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Sustainable Development Goals Tracker for SDG 14<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs/life-below-water"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f2c9f147-e05d-4c87-5de2-2666e604de00/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs/life-on-land</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs/life-on-land"/>
    <published>2023-07-18T14:12:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Our World in Data team</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Sustainable Development Goals Tracker for SDG 15<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs/life-on-land"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b7d4e83f-1e24-46fe-280a-0a329e9df700/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>What does it mean for a species to be at risk of extinction?</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/extinction-risk-definition</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/extinction-risk-definition"/>
    <published>2023-02-20T10:56:33.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[We need to focus on the most threatened species to protect them from extinction. But what does it mean for a species to be at risk, and how is it measured?<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/extinction-risk-definition"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a69afdf2-a667-45bd-4017-2d4c386a0900/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Biodiversity</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity"/>
    <published>2022-12-19T08:27:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author><author><name>Fiona Spooner</name></author><author><name>Max Roser</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Explore the diversity of wildlife across the planet. What are species threatened with? What can we do to prevent biodiversity loss?<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b8e04269-6164-4bb6-9ad4-628c30152200/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>There have been five mass extinctions in Earth&apos;s history</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/mass-extinctions</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/mass-extinctions"/>
    <published>2022-11-30T11:54:16.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[When did the "Big Five" mass extinctions happen, and what were their causes?<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/mass-extinctions"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/398d3fc7-102c-479b-da3f-05a076a9c100/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>How many species are there?</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/how-many-species-are-there</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/how-many-species-are-there"/>
    <published>2022-11-30T11:42:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[How many species do we share our planet with? How many of these species have we found and identified?<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/how-many-species-are-there"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c0176bc5-b971-47b0-8ff3-c86cdfac9800/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Did humans cause the Quaternary megafauna extinction?</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/quaternary-megafauna-extinction</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/quaternary-megafauna-extinction"/>
    <published>2022-11-30T11:37:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[10,000 to 50,000 years ago, hundreds of the largest mammals went extinct. It's likely that humans were the key driver of this.<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/quaternary-megafauna-extinction"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/a3a03738-1500-47e5-cba5-908439ca9800/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>The state of the world&apos;s rhino populations</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/rhino-populations</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/rhino-populations"/>
    <published>2022-11-30T10:38:19.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[How have rhino populations changed over time? What species are at risk of extinction today?<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/rhino-populations"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/5b4b0d1c-3514-4842-3e9f-f582aa3bde00/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>FAQs on the Living Planet Index</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/faq-living-planet-index</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/faq-living-planet-index"/>
    <published>2022-10-13T12:59:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author><author><name>Fiona Spooner</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[The Living Planet Index is one of the most common measures used in biodiversity monitoring. But what is it, and where does this data come from?<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/faq-living-planet-index"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0495bd86-6505-47b0-64b5-d46051b07400/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>How does the Living Planet Index vary by region?</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/living-planet-index-region</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/living-planet-index-region"/>
    <published>2022-10-13T12:38:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[The Living Planet Index shows an average decline of 73% across studied animal populations globally. But how does this vary by region?<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/living-planet-index-region"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/7df388c6-73da-407d-bb1f-427b67227000/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Living Planet Index: what does it really mean?</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/living-planet-index-decline</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/living-planet-index-decline"/>
    <published>2022-10-13T09:00:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[The Living Planet Index is the biodiversity metric that always claims the headlines. It’s often misinterpreted. How should we understand it?<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/living-planet-index-decline"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0495bd86-6505-47b0-64b5-d46051b07400/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Wild mammals are making a comeback in Europe thanks to conservation efforts</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/europe-mammal-comeback</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/europe-mammal-comeback"/>
    <published>2022-09-27T07:00:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Hunting and habitat loss drove many large mammals in Europe close to extinction. New data shows us that many of the continent’s mammal populations are flourishing again.<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/europe-mammal-comeback"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2b408405-3607-409e-b0b6-3374342fe000/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>The largest mammals have always been at the greatest risk of extinction – this is still the case today</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/large-mammals-extinction</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/large-mammals-extinction"/>
    <published>2022-05-09T07:30:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Humans hunted many of the world’s large mammals to extinction. This threat still exists today, but it doesn’t have to be that way.<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/large-mammals-extinction"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/fef0d9d2-c5ec-4b17-6857-6cb203209b00/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>To protect the world’s wildlife, we must improve crop yields — especially across Africa</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/yields-habitat-loss</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/yields-habitat-loss"/>
    <published>2021-09-02T09:33:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Habitat loss is the biggest threat to the world's animals. Without improvements in crop yields, thousands of species could see much of their habitat lost to farmland.<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/yields-habitat-loss"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/c646e406-f76f-4ee0-566f-bcc1e0ec9800/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>How the Living Planet project helps us understand changes in the world’s wildlife</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/living-planet-index-understanding</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/living-planet-index-understanding"/>
    <published>2021-05-17T09:00:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Beneath the popular index, the Living Planet database helps us understand where and what animals are deeply threatened, and what animals are thriving.<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/living-planet-index-understanding"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/108cdb36-2a72-46a3-e089-5d2d12b60300/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Wild mammals have declined by 85% since the rise of humans, but there is a possible future where they flourish</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/wild-mammal-decline</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/wild-mammal-decline"/>
    <published>2021-04-20T10:00:00.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Wild mammal biomass has declined by 85% since the rise of humans. But we can turn things around by reducing the amount of land we use for agriculture.<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/wild-mammal-decline"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e0bdc1c9-7bbd-444e-7b1b-6a22cfca6a00/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Oceans, land, and deep subsurface: how is life distributed across environments?</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/life-by-environment</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/life-by-environment"/>
    <published>2019-04-26T11:00:24.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Where do we find life on earth? Despite being vast, the oceans are home to just 1% of life – but the majority of animals. See how the different lifeforms are split across these global environments.<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/life-by-environment"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f292e9a0-db3f-43bc-d6e0-d79384fb9700/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Humans make up just 0.01% of Earth&apos;s life — what&apos;s the rest?</title>
    <id>https://ourworldindata.org/life-on-earth</id>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://ourworldindata.org/life-on-earth"/>
    <published>2019-04-24T11:00:43.000Z</published>
    <author><name>Hannah Ritchie</name></author>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[How is life on Earth distributed across the taxonomic kingdoms? Humans make up just 0.01% of life: but we've had much larger impacts on shaping the animal kingdom. Livestock now outweighs wild mammals and birds ten-fold.<br/><br/><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/life-on-earth"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2b90ed98-719d-4c71-066c-bdd8bc4da000/w=512"/></a>]]></summary>
</entry>
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